Everything About the Spine
A comprehensive guide to spinal anatomy, function, and disorders
Overview
The spine, or vertebral column, is a complex structure providing support, mobility, and protection for the spinal cord. It consists of 33 vertebrae divided into regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
Spinal Regions
| Region | Number of Vertebrae | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Cervical | 7 | Supports the head, allows neck movement |
| Thoracic | 12 | Supports the rib cage, protects thoracic organs |
| Lumbar | 5 | Bears most body weight, provides flexibility |
| Sacral | 5 (fused) | Connects spine to pelvis |
| Coccygeal | 4 (fused) | Vestigial tailbone, muscle attachment |
Structure of a Vertebra
- Vertebral body: Weight-bearing structure
- Vertebral arch: Protects the spinal cord
- Processes: Sites for muscle/ligament attachment
- Intervertebral discs: Shock absorption and flexibility
Spinal Cord & Nerves
The spinal cord runs through the vertebral canal and is part of the central nervous system. Nerve roots exit at each vertebral level, transmitting signals between the brain and body.
Common Spinal Disorders
- Herniated disc
- Scoliosis
- Kyphosis
- Lordosis
- Spinal stenosis
- Fractures
Spinal Health Tips
- Maintain proper posture
- Engage in regular exercise
- Use ergonomic furniture
- Practice safe lifting techniques
- Maintain a healthy weight